RESUMO
Fundamentos: Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) es un cuestionario de diagnóstico del riesgo global de caries dental. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar un cuestionario de autoevaluación basado en CAMBRA que, a diferencia del original, es cumplimentado por padres/madres/cuidadores, sin necesidad de una exploración odontológica, permitiendo establecer un diagnóstico de presunción en menores de siete años excluidos del programa de salud oral del Sistema Nacional de Salud, con el fin de instaurar recomendaciones individualizadas al riesgo de caries y su inclusión precoz en programas preventivos del Servicio Madrileño de Salud (Madrid, España). Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional transversal basado en las recomendaciones STROBE, empleando por primera vez un cuestionario de autoevaluación basado en CAMBRA en niños/as de tres a seis años de una escuela infantil de Madrid (España). Los resultados se analizaron mediante una estadística descriptiva y para el estudio de la relación entre variables cualitativas se utilizó el estadístico exacto de Fisher. Resultados: El cuestionario fue respondido por padres de 120 niños, de los cuales, el 40,8% presentó, a priori, un riesgo de caries bajo, el 42,5% un riesgo moderado y el 16,7% un riesgo alto de caries. Conclusiones: El presente estudio permite la identificación de pacientes en riesgo de presentar y/o desarrollar caries. No obstante, futuros estudios han de evaluar su sensibilidad y especificidad mediante su comparativa frente a un diagnóstico de confirmación tras una exploración odontológica. Pese a ello, el cuestionarioCAMBRA modificado podría ser una herramienta útil para el cribado poblacional, facilitandoel acceso de la población en riesgo de caries y en riesgo de exclusión a planes preventivos y comunitarios.(AU)
Background:Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) is a questionnaire used to diagnose the patients overall caries risk. This study aimed to present a self-assessment questionnaire based on CAMBRA which, unlike the original, is completed by parents/caregivers, without the need for a dental examination, allowing a presumptive diagnosis to be established in children under seven years of age excluded from the oral health programme of the National Health System to establish individualised recommendations for caries risk and their early inclusion in preventive programmes of the Madrid Health Service (Madrid, Spain). Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out following STROBE guidelines using for the first time a self-assessment questionnaire based on CAMBRA in a population of children aged from three to six years from a nursery school in Madrid (Spain). The results were analysed using descriptive statistics and Fishers exact statistic was used to study the relationship between qualitative variables. Results: The questionnaire was answered by the parents of 120 children (response rate=53.1%), of whom 40.8% presented a low a priori caries risk, 42.5% a moderate risk and 16.7% a high caries risk. Conclusion: The present study allow the identification of patients at risk of presenting and/or developing caries. However, future studies should evaluate its sensitivity and specificity by comparing it with a confirmatory diagnosis after a dental examination. Nevertheless, the modified CAMBRA questionnaire could be a useful tool for population screening, facilitating the access of the population at risk of caries and risk of exclusion to preventive and community plans.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Autoavaliação (Psicologia) , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Doenças Periodontais , Higiene Bucal , Saúde Bucal , Saúde Pública , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , OdontologiaRESUMO
Background: Oral mucositis (OM) is a painful lesion that takes place in the mucosa of the oral cavity, usually itsetiology is associated with drug therapies in cancer patients. It is presented as well-defined ulcers whose painfulsymptomatology sometimes implies the suspension of oncological treatment or parenteral feeding, being there-fore an important adverse effect, marking the evolution of these types of therapies against cancer. The presentwork aim is to know the prevalence of oral mucositis in oral cancer immunotherapy compared to its prevalencein standard therapy.Material and Methods: A protocol was developed for a systematic review following PRISMA® guidelines and afocused question (PICO) was constructed. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on electronic data-bases including PubMed, the SCOPUS database, the Cochrane library and the Web of Science (WOS).Results: Six clinical trials were included that met the different inclusion criteria. In these articles, a discrepancybetween the prevalence of OM in patients treated with chemotherapy and patients treated with immunotherapyrelated to the immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 (Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab) was observed. Conclusions: The prevalence of oral mucositis is lower in new immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies againstoral cancer than drugs used so far (chemotherapy drugs [methotrexate, cisplatin] as well as cetuximab). However,more studies should be carried out to confirm these data.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Boca/lesões , Estomatite , Imunoterapia , Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico , Estomatite/induzido quimicamente , Saúde Bucal , Patologia Bucal , Cirurgia Bucal , Medicina Bucal , PrevalênciaRESUMO
La regeneración periodontal es la reproducción o reconstitución de una parte perdida o dañada del periodonto con el fin de restaurar su arquitectura y función. En los últimos años se ha puesto de manifiesto el papel clave que juegan las plaquetas en la regeneración tisular, acelerando la cicatrización tanto de tejidos blandos como duros, mediada por la liberación de citocinas y factores de crecimiento durante un tiempo prolongado. La fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos utilizada por primera vez por Choukroun en el 2001 es un concentrado de plaquetas de segunda generación que se obtiene a partir de la propia sangre del paciente, sin el empleo de aditivos, con el fin de conseguir una malla de fibrina que sirva de andamiaje para las sustancias implicadas en la regeneración. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de realizar una revisión y puesta al día en el uso de esta técnica (AU)
Periodontal regeneration is the reproduction or re-enactment of an injured, or lost, part of the periodontium, with the aim of repairing its architecture and main function. The key role of platelets in tissue regeneration has been demonstrated in the last few years. They accelerate healing in both the soft and hard tissues due to the liberation of cytokines and growth factors over a long period. Leucocyte-rich platelet-rich fibrin, used for the first time by Choukroun in 2001, is a second generation platelets extract that is obtained from the patient's own blood, without the need of additives. Its purpose is to attain an autologous fibrin mesh to be used for as a framework for the substances involved in bone regeneration. The purpose of this work is to present a review and an update on the use of this technique (AU)
